Hamas chief's Gaza visit poses challenge to Israel

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On the pros of nuclear power

We fund research on nuclear energy today - or tomorrow we might not be able to turn off the lights

"America is addicted to oil," said George W. Bush in 2006. W was particularly concerned by the United States, but the problem is truly global in nature. Course, we do not want the former president, he also says (in the same speech): "The Americans should not fear our economic future, because we intend to shape it" - two years before the economic downturn more mass observed since the 1930s.

But Bush was due in part to oil. No matter where you stand on climate change, the world at any given time and perhaps sooner than we think, will run out of oil. According to Hirsch report, commissioned by the U.S. Department of Energy, peak oil has already occurred or is about to occur. "Peak oil" is nothing else but the world is at the peak of oil extraction from the ground, after which we will go into decline. If you are optimistic, peak oil is not soon. If you like the W and the Hirsch report, are not as optimistic, peak oil has happened or is about us and outside of some 20 years to see the effects.

short consequences of oil is much more than just not being able to drive your car to work or not be able to watch TV. Most of the hydrogen comes from the world oil cracking of useful things like motor octane or hydrogen for hydrogen storage, hydrogen for the maintenance of the global population of fertilizer fed. Hydrogen can also be produced by the decomposition of water, but it also requires energy - which often ultimately from a fossil fuel. If we are not ready when the world runs out of oil, bad things will happen.

What are the alternatives? There are many. Wind - but there must be wind, solar energy - but it should be sunny, hydro - but you need water. While many of these energy technologies are good in the short and medium term solutions often perfect local solution, what is the long term? What happens to the energy problem in general? What about nuclear? Until we develop new technologies, nuclear energy is currently the best alternative to oil.

---

Europe in general and Germany in particular have fallen in love with nuclear power. Angela Merkel announced a plan in 2010 to phase out nuclear power by 2021 - which marks a complete change of current energy policy of Germany. The United States, on the other hand, seems to be again seduced by the idea. Barack Obama recently announced that the U.S. Department of Energy, with none other than Bill Gates philanthrocapitalist aim to increase the number of nuclear reactors in the United States by 2022.

nuclear energy often treated unfairly, in part for very good reasons. Waste to begin with. It is difficult to know what to do with nuclear waste. Takes forever to lose their radioactivity - all for the moment the only viable solution is to immobilize and store. This is not ideal for obvious reasons.

• nuclear accidents also get some press instead of fear - Chernobyl, Fukushima and Three Mile Island. Not that it was not a nuclear accident or industrial, they certainly were, but it's good to be a little careful of throwing the baby out with the bath water cooling. Nuclear accidents such as airplane crashes in our cultural mindset. Aircraft are usually one of the safest ways to travel, however, air accidents are hit the news for days at a time. I'm not saying that aviation accidents are tragic, they are, but also to die in a car accident - an event that occurs much more often.

In all these "disasters" some stupid mistakes and oversights were made relatively painful. As expected for nearly 18 hours to flood Fukushima Daiichi seawater to cool the reactor. Potential impacts on the environment seem quite large with Chernobyl, although it is debated whether this is solely the result of radiation. In the Three Mile Island crisis, nobody was hurt = even, which is not bad for an accident. In all cases, the Three Mile Island crisis should make us feel better about the overall safety of the reactor. Great Depression, nobody died. There is an excellent book that compares the environmental and health risks associated with nuclear reactors to other sectors - energy land by William Tucker, who says that most of the deaths are due to our conventional power plants to nuclear energy.

Despite the drawbacks, the benefits of nuclear energy should not be overlooked. No oil. Nuclear fuel produces no CO

. Nuclear power plants are relatively free of accidents. There are a lot of radioactive material around today. Nuclear fuel itself is not renewable, but breeders produce more fuel than they use. The disadvantages are few, such as storage and security problems are in fact
why

governments should fund research on nuclear energy. Research funding for the production of safer reactors and containment would be best to start, but government money has to be found "blue sky" research also nuclear. Baby Blue financing pushes scientists to find a way to split the atom in the first place. It is now time to find a way to get rid of radioactive waste safely. It is now time to put some serious money in nuclear research, because in 10 years may not be able to turn on the lights.
Sylvia McLain

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Blasphemy laws are darkening Pakistan's skies | Salman Hameed

a school for girls in Lahore "has been reduced to ashes and arrested the family of an astronomer, because this tool intolerance

Umair Asim met 15 years ago, after an interview I gave astronomy in Lahore, Pakistan. I was bombarded with questions about telescopes, astrophotography and the physics of stars. In the following years, completed a master's degree in astronomy and Asim has come to create a sophisticated observatory on the roof of his house.

But what really lights Asim is his passion for public education. During the International Year of Astronomy (IYA) in 2009, Asim helped lead and organize many public comments in Lahore, as well as in public schools in small towns and villages of Punjab. Wherever he went, he brought with him his telescope. During the AMA, was a rare sight to see Asim standing before an audience of 500 people, first by explaining the basic principles of astronomy and entertainment long lines of people - between the ages of eight 80 - to show the craters on the moon and the rings of Saturn.

not difficult to explain where his passion for public education comes. His parents settled School Girls' High Farooqi 34 years ago. Today, he is considered one of the major private schools in Lahore. Asim is also Deputy Director and I get emails from him when a student or school students take top positions in provincial tests.

October 31

But the school was burned by a mob who had heard he was accused of blasphemy. Laboratory equipment and computers were looted. Hundreds of books in the library - obviously with little use for the crowd - into the fire. Some have even tried to remove the marble tiles.

blasphemy charges are not related to astronomy. Instead, focus on a school teacher, Iftikhar Arfa. In the race to the start of the Eid, he accidentally missed a page to copy a task for the class. His mistake was merged line of the Prophet of Islam and the lines of a chapter on the beggars. The father of one of her class completed, and the discourse of blasphemy spread quickly.

Whatever it was an honest mistake. In the current climate, it's awfully easy to accuse someone of blasphemy in Pakistan. In fact, in this case, the fault has been extended school administrators, including Asim.

• Teacher accused has absconded and the police arrested the director of 77 years of school. It also happens to be the father of Asim and his call for bail was rejected by the court. Asim and the rest of his family are now in "preventive detention".
• would be easy to blame religion here. But this is not a battle between freethinkers and religious fanatics. Asim and his family are devout Muslims. Students begin the day with the name of God. Professor accused does not know, but it probably also belongs to a middle class family religion. Intentionally committing blasphemy against the prophet would be terrible for all participants.

Burning

school is probably a clash between the rise of the educated middle class and the kind of frustration, poor poor and uneducated. The success of the school and the resources - and also for the girls' school - that envy caused. The mistake by the teacher provided the pretext to use the blasphemy law to express their frustration.

The blasphemy law is devouring from within Pakistani society. It is a universal tool in the service of intolerance. It is often used against religious minorities, but Muslims also pay the price. The repeal of the law, unfortunately, is unlikely. Some critics of the law have been silenced by intimidation and violence, including the murder of Governor Punjab Salman Taseer in 2011.

Maybe the school will recover, and the damage will be covered by donations from interested persons. There were demonstrations against-. Two days after the fire at the school, about 2,000 women - most of the current and former students - gathered near the school, holding banners demanding the release of the capital and the reopening of the school

But what is the future of Asim, his family and the accused teacher? Loaded with emotions on blasphemy, once loaded, it is virtually impossible to always be safe when, even if the court gives its name. As the era of witch hunts in Europe, Pakistan is experiencing its dark phase.
If you're lucky, the accused teacher should be able to find shelter outside Pakistan. Asim father, who now slept on the floor of a prison cell, must deal with the fact that all the efforts that he and his wife have poured the last 34 years has disappeared.

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The Orphan of Zhao - review

Swan, Stratford-upon-Avon

Chinese classical

This production has already sparked controversy because three players on a cast of 17 are from East Asia. But even if there are serious questions about the situation of East Asian actors to deal with, it would be sad if it hid the fact that it is a recovery act theatrical impressive. Gregory Doran, as the new Head of CSR, has uncovered a tragedy that most of us do not know and given the fantastic production.

James Fenton has created a new version of a story that originated in China in the fourth century. He later became a famous revenge tragedy and gradually infiltrated the west. Voltaire wrote his own version in 1753 and the Irish dramatist Arthur Murphy, made another in 1759. Meanwhile in China, the legend continues to inspire operas, plays and movies as recent Sacrifice. Often described as the hamlet Chinese remember the parables of light Brecht, who probably borrowed some aspects of the creation of the Caucasian Chalk Circle.

So what is it? Revenge, loss, sacrifice. And even if his story may sound complex, in the version of Fenton magically becomes clear. A decadent emperor wantonly killing his own people with the help of a corrupt court. But one of his ministers, Zhao Dun, protested vehemently and pays with her life. Zhao wife, daughter of the Empress, shortly after giving birth to a son who is smuggled to safety by a country doctor. And when Herod as an edict calling into the slaughter of all newborn infants, it prevents the doctor says he knows where missing son of Zhao is hidden. The following is an orphaned baby to the exchange of survival.

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Theatre of the absurd: when accidents take over

We used to complain about interruptions unscripted - but sometimes the outside world can affect a game in the sense

In summer, just at the end of the devastating DruidMurphy A whistle notes in dark and light synthetic began to bleat to the front of the auditorium, dissipate anger on stage, encouraging seats. Another game killed by mobile phone.

Similarly, the performances were marked by broken heating systems, failing, CA customers chatty, texting spectators, and a well-dressed woman who looked as if she could not resist kicking my seat difficult - to say nothing of mishaps on stage. Each performance is, of course, a live event in real time, most often seen in a crowd rather than in the comfort of your couch alone. Therefore, the chance is constantly threatening the integrity of the event.

But what about the happy accident, disaster friendly scene or the sky or the seat is simply a game instead of Mars? I remembered that piece to attend the Panoply Performance Laboratory, an ambitious company continues to work to distill a group of sophisticated ideas by word and action. In a prequel rainy streets, joining the local bizarre animated opera. Horns honked, children gawped, and part of the public participation in a youth shouted: "What are you doing Simon Says?"

• But an hour later, he began to tire a little, looking like he was about to end and then passing. When there is a long pause, everyone seemed to cheer terrible fear, anticipate closing. While we were waiting, a baby (which was very good throughout) was released to his mother and got into the game space Then he sat down, stammered and began to beat her wrists together chubby. A minute later, an adult took the tail and soon everyone was laughing and applauding - a silly finish, soft and triumphant

Also, I saw a Broadway revival Dozy temporarily powered single helpless laughter and a much better actor when chivalrous man to my left and noticed my fatigue I had a handful of chocolate covered raisins. And I do not know how I would have done by Punchdrunk felt like a chivalrous kiss if others did not let me grab his arm around a little scary. (Mari, if you read just cling to strange men within the theater ... promise.)

both timely intervention is not human. I live in hope that the couple once lived experience raccoons outside Shakespeare Theatre Delacorte representation. In the same space, Romeo and Juliet were saved once by a cruel fate timely storm that canceled the last act. And a frequent companion to the theater happily recalls the sounds of thunder outside external dynamic scene in Lear broom and horse defecate remarkably apt in Die Walküre.

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Planet with four suns discovered by 'armchair astronomers'

Planet

considered six times the size of Earth called planet hunters after PH1 website used by two American volunteers

A planet with four suns was identified by two astronomers "chair".

The bright new world, nearly 5,000 light-years, is believed to be six times larger than the Earth. It revolves around a pair of stars and is in turn surrounded by a few seconds, which means four stars illuminate the night sky.

A handful of known planets orbiting binary star pairs, but the new finding is said to be unique.

"It is fascinating to try to imagine what it would be like to visit a planet with four suns in the sky, but this new world is to confuse astronomers - is not entirely clear how it formed in such a half occupied environment, "said Dr Chris Lintott of Oxford University.

• The planet was discovered by two American volunteers who use the site Planet hunters led by scientists, including Lintott. It allows visitors to identify the decline in production in stars, because the light is blocked by "transit" of the stars they orbit.

Jek Kian
, San Francisco, and Robert Gagliano, Cottonwood, Arizona, discovered the effect that the new planet passes in front of their suns.

A team of professional astronomers have confirmed your search using the Keck telescopes on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The planet was named after the site of PH1 Planet hunters.

Arfon Dr. Smith, the Adler Planetarium in Chicago and a member of the planet hunters team, said: "This is an amazing discovery, but what is even more exciting is that, with more data than currently add to planethunters. org for anyone to explore, do not know what our next chair Astronomers discover. "

Details of the discovery were presented Monday at the Division of Planetary Sciences in Reno, Nevada.

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Israeli jets fly mock raids over south Lebanon

Israeli warplanes swooped down low over

Swedish broadcaster banned for racist reference

. Bo Hansson prohibited AIK press box for the rest of the season

. What he has done is contrary to our values??, said AIK ®

A veteran broadcaster was excluded from the newsroom Swedish AIK football club after having been heard referring to black players as "niggers" in a radio box.

Bo Hansson

, not knowing what is broadcast, I watched the match against AIK Gefle the position of Sveriges Radio commentary. Web Game Review, listeners heard a voice - later identified as Hansson - made ??several references to "niggers"

"Bo Hansson is no longer allowed in the newsroom of the season, he has done is contrary to our values ??- we have a zero tolerance for racism", said the director General AIK, Thomas Edselius newspaper Sportbladet.

Sillen

Jacob, head of sport at Sveriges Radio, said in a statement: "These observations can not be admitted into our programs is deeply regrettable.".

Sportbladet Hansson said. "I was talking to myself in my corner was never intended to be published had no idea.".

AIK Solna
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Are British universities really destined for long term decline?

predictions of a collapse of the United Kingdom in mediocrity may be premature and miss the point, says Ferdinand von Prondzynski

. Top 200 QS World University Rankings 2012

The latest ranking of colleges has led to a new series of questions about the future global distribution of excellence in higher education and strength. There was a change in the position of some universities in the Western Hemisphere, with Ireland and Scotland, both the experience of this phenomenon. Ireland no longer has any university in the top 100 universities in the world, Scotland has always, Edinburgh, in the top 100 (or more), but other Scottish institutions have declined, in some cases, significantly

"Out of the golden triangle of London, Oxford and Cambridge, England world-class universities face a collapse of the general mediocrity, while investments in research universities Asia is beginning to bear fruit "editor Phil Baty ranking told the Guardian.

Although there is some drift, predicting a fall in mediocrity UK can be a bit premature. It is absolutely true that some emerging countries have made significant investments in higher education, as might be expected. But it produced no immediate challenge for global leadership. It contains only one top 20 in the U.S. non-university or the United Kingdom and Switzerland.

addition, the success of universities in China, Singapore, Korea and Japan (and only a very small number of the thousands of Asian universities do so at any university rankings) is mainly based on "Westernization" of these institutions and their teaching and research remit money. It did not start last year - was a phenomenon of the last decade, and although the results are there, not alarming

is clear that some countries make a transition to a more developed economy, universities benefit from increased investment and higher levels of ambition. But in reality, it is quite surprising that this has had a much greater impact on the ranking. This does not mean that there are no problems here treated. The uncertainty of university funding in these islands has certainly had an impact, but if other factors, such as inconsistencies and improbabilities of migration policies that affect the student movement, and the tendency for large companies to try university links outside of the classic series.

What can be more interesting, however, is the following: a track in the classification that the future university is no longer necessarily the oldest institution of classic blue-sky research. The new leader, ranked consulted or the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology, perhaps a more targeted approach, university network and translation. Other institutions that reflect this profile rose in the rankings. Trying to find out what is the role of higher education is to be in the future, it may be the most interesting trend.

For

Top 200 QS World University Rankings, the analysis and the issue of failure
• visit our rank Website

Ferdinand von Prondzynski is Vice-Chancellor of the

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Columbus Day: no cause for celebration | Dana Lone Hill

"proud South Dakota does not honor the creator of the Native American genocide, but we are not alone in union

across America on Monday, people will celebrate Columbus Day. I do not know what that means exactly, except that there is usually a sale where you can buy white sheets on a reduction of 20%. It is assumed, however, can have parades, people have free time from work, school, etc. According to Wikipedia, "Columbus Day first became an official holiday in the state of Colorado in 1906 and became a day federal holiday in 1937, if people have celebrated Columbus's voyage since the colonial period. "

Personally, I do not know anyone who "celebrates" Columbus Day. I know a lot of people protesting Columbus Day.

In other states, that is. Look, 22 years ago here in South Dakota, Republican Gov. George Mickelson replaced Columbus Day with Native American Day. This is why it is the only state to honor the indigenous peoples of this country, instead of honoring the principle of attempted genocide. Mickelson has proclaimed the year 1990 as "Year of Reconciliation" and changed the holiday of the same year, with the help of the state legislature. He was supposed to be the beginning of a long way to improve race relations in the state which has a troubled history in this regard.

always been proud that our state does not respect someone who killed, raped and enslaved the indigenous peoples. Considering that the beginning of a genocide, it would be like putting a day dedicated to honoring the memory of Hitler and sale leaves a discount for its role in the world. Initiative Mickelson made me feel as if we were a little ahead of the rest of the country is the state in which remembers the massacre at Wounded Knee, the occupation of Wounded Knee, and the unsolved death of our people in incident in 1973. Therefore, we celebrate Native American Day, not Columbus Day.

• However, as the Lakota people, everyone has experienced racism in the state of South Dakota. Each and every one of us, repeatedly. My first time was when I was six years old and moving out of the reserve. They called me horrible names, but I survived. And that was only the beginning.
• remember another time when I was 18, my family moved to the city closest to our reservation. It was a real nice area, historical, my stepfather was a lawyer. We received an anonymous letter in the mail that calls us and tells us that the names back to the reservation. I took the letter and went door to door trying to find out who sent him. Of course, nobody has acknowledged, I went home crying and crazy. The next day the neighbors brought us casseroles, biscuits and chocolate. But when they left, my mother would not let us eat the food: it was paranoid that food can make you sick (if a donor is the one who sent the letter)

This does not mean that the fudge and cookies not mysteriously disappeared, however. Too many children in the house.

Thus, 22 years after the proclamation of Governor Mickelson of "Year of Reconciliation" improved race relations in this state? We all like to think they did. But then is difficult to ignore an incident like this a few weeks ago at South Dakota State University, where students of Indian reservations in the state have been subjected to graffiti in a bathroom dorm called "Praire [sic black ] returns to the ground "(list specific numbers of students" room).

It was the same insult he had read in the anonymous letter to my family when I was 18. This latest incident has not stopped Native American students to go to college, and is considered a hate crime. But it shows that some of our citizens is clearly still a long way to go to learn to accept people who lived here before them.
Our hope is that we all learn from it - and remember Governor Mickelson, who made the first step, and he died at the age of 52 in an accident in 1993. One day, I hope the rest of the EU Member States will join the South Dakota not to honor the memory of a murderer.

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The Fiver| A touchline shemozzle | Barry Glendenning

Click here to have the Fiver sent to your inbox every day 17 hours, or if your usual copy has stopped arriving

SOMEONE THINK NOT EVIL MILK CUP OLD?

QPR last season, were beaten by Rochdale in the cup of milk and his manager Neil Warnock could not be happier to lose. This season, Leeds Everton won the Cup of milk and his manager Neil Warnock could not be happier to win. Warnockian Both reactions are understandable given the circumstances of the teams they were sent, but their disparate viewpoints demonstrate that, in a sport where all the participants are very fickle, nothing seems to bring out the inner hypocrisy Milk Cup enough.

After all, the Fiver was the beginning of his unique brand of nonsense for nearly a decade and has yet to form a coherent editorial line in the Milk Cup old man: "The Milk Cup is great! "" Waste Milk Cup "" Glass of milk worth it! " "The Cup of milk is a waste of time!" "The Cup of milk is called Milk Cup!" "The Cup is not called milk Milk Cup, called Rumbelows Cup!" But just as the Fiver has long argued that, in terms of entertainment a good funeral is always better than a bad marriage, the only thing we can probably all agree on is that the Cup game good milk is always better a great game Cup evil.

Take the last night of the next meeting of Manchester City and Aston Villa. Six goals? Select. Anger? Select. A comedy own goal karmic? Select. Schmozzle a margin? Select. Disparaging references to Sir Alex Ferguson, although he did not participate, which is almost certain to be the future benefits, prompting endless diversions on the line? Tickety-tickety-tickety-tickety tick. It may not have been the Red Star Belgrade 0-0 in Marseille Cup 1991 Grand Final, but at least he will live long in the memory

right

reasons.

"Whenever I say something, they come," said Mancini, referring to hate Villa manager Paul Lambert usually called Italian opponents to book more than anything you Mucky Pups is thinking. "Then, when they go to Old Trafford, never say anything. When other managers [at Old Trafford] speak against the referee, who are still in the bank and say nothing. You do not know why. Maybe it's because I'm Italian, but I do not know why. "

In short, Bobby Manc selling was inherently flawed line of logic called "whatabouttery", in which people of football (fans, players, managers, ... Who's Fiver) try excuse their own bad behavior attracts attention similar or worse behavior of others. But, Lord Ferg slide in a fight that has nothing to do with him, the general consensus seems to be that the Italian media has taken almost certainly a serious bug that will pay later.

course, the irony is that if Lord Ferg did the same thing as the general consensus Mancini media is almost certain to be played Ferg on his "mind games" incredibly intelligent, which suggests that perhaps, just maybe, Mancini has a point.

. You can follow Manchester United v Newcastle United Littlewoods Cup here tonight from 19:15.

QUOTE OF THE DAY

"I'll get my fair share of goals, the more it will produce a lot of goals is one of the main things I do." - The Newcastle Jets' Emile Heskey, the gift that keeps on giving. And fans agree.

HEY, handsome? What are you cooking? HOW TO COOK ON SOMETHING FOR ME?

The online bookmakers Blue Square have another perfect offer for Fiver. Click here for more information.

Fiver letters

"Re:.? Renamed Fiver John Terry (Fiver letters yesterday) PLEBJT Andrew Mitchell writes under the pseudonym of these days Simon Cox suspects that the target to achieve at least the sympathy of the public then?" - James Watson

"Some suggestions for the new name of John Terry is injured player several times (by) Knack calf, or even Turf Assistant At Times I'm sure there's a subtext somewhere.". - Andrew Fawkes.

"Re:. Patrice Evra sarcastic about talking about himself in the third person twice in four terse sentences (quote of the day yesterday) I can not point the Fiver always refers to him himself in the third person, and concise sentences are rarely "- Ethan Mackintosh

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Scientists waste no time in growing graphene

Researchers have managed to grow graphene - commonly used in pencils but now terribly expensive - food, insects and waste

Cookies

, garbage and errors in Texas, give hope that Britain will develop a lucrative business empire techology new base soon, and not just at the end. This is to obtain usable quantities of graphene - a carbon dimensions. American experience, it seems ridiculous that drew attention to something, showing a cheap way to get what is now the substance terribly expensive.

Scientists have long known that graphene is, and what is common. The gray matter consists pencils countless layers of graphene, adhering to each other. When scribble a mass newsletters layers, subsequently holding the sheet of paper. A few years ago, Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov, University of Manchester, using intelligence, a pen and some tape to separate individual graphene layers. Obtained small amounts -. But it was surprisingly more than any other rose

To do this, and then using their graphene to discover a variety of physical properties and potential industrial uses, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2010 and knighted in 2011.

next year - this year - the British government announced it would spend £ 38 million to establish a Geim / National Institute Novoselov graphene centered at the University of Manchester in order to "put this research into commercial success. "

But there is a big problem. Even small amounts of graphene still cost much more than the industry can offer dream.

Entry

Americans.

• Last year, only three years after scientists Mexican tequila is in diamonds - they are just an expensive form of carbon - chemical quietly Texas fucked with biscuits, cockroaches and products bad biowaste. Texans produces graphene, a form of carbon more expensive - much more expensive -. That diamonds

Tequila diamonds Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, published his story in the document entitled Growth diamond films Tequila. Co-author Javier Morales said he did later with tequila diamonds cheaper on the market, to demonstrate the power of his art.

This same spirit is manifest in the experience of Texas, led by Jim Tour, Ruan Gedeng, Sun Zhiwei Peng Zhengzong and Rice University in Houston, and documented in a study on growth of graphene food , insects and debris.

Others, however, had developed ways to grow graphene. These other methods expensive start-containing carbon highly purified chemical feedstocks. Tour of Rice and colleagues write that "carbon sources and much less expensive, such as food, insects and waste, can be used without purification for the monolayer graphene increasingly high quality."

explain how to produce graphene from (at different times): Girl Scout cookies, chocolate, grass, a plastic plate, a cockroach leg, and feces of a dachshund. Their tools. Copper foil, the argon gas and a tube furnace 1050-degrees Centigrade ()
by his own estimation, a box of Girl Scout cookies could, in theory, at current prices, it is about $ 15 billion in graphene.

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Perseid meteor shower this weekend: how to get the best view

The Perseids meteor shower of the year's most spectacular for the spectators in the northern hemisphere will be this weekend

Upload your photos with "shower Perseid meteors" in the subject line - scroll to the end of the article for more details

screen

Perseids meteor is at our doorstep. Over the next four days, the Earth will pass through the dust trail left by a giant comet happened around the sun since the birth of the solar system.

Each small fragment of comet hit our atmosphere is generally the size of a grain of dust. However, it burns with an incandescent display called a shooting star. For technical assistance in this regard: a. Meteorite

This year, the Perseids will be visible from the northern hemisphere between 11 and 14 August

If the clouds cooperate and clear skies this weekend to watch the optimal times are usually between midnight and 3 am. This year, on the night of 12 passes for 13 is expected to be the best. But meteor showers are extremely variable and if you have the chance to see in the early morning hours of between 11 and 14 years.

The direction in which to look for is the East. If you know your constellations, Perseus found then look at their environment. Take a long chair, blankets and a thermos of hot water to keep you company. Even in August, will be the last two. Then wait. The expected rate of meteors this year is a few tens per hour. Perseids Each time was a time in the tail of the comet Swift-Tuttle, an iceberg, 27 kilometers wide in space. He spends most of his time in the outer solar system, beyond the orbit of Pluto. Then every 133 years, beyond the sun dipped, the replacement of the source of the Perseids.

Swift-Tuttle, like all comets, is in a constant state of decay. Comets from the outer solar system, where the compounds of ice are easy to maintain because it is very cold. As a comet approaches the Sun, however, the heat melts the ice and the solid grains of dust are released into space. This creates queues that are ephemeral which extends across the night sky.

• As queues disperse create debris flows that give us meteor showers. There are 64 meteor showers that hit Earth every year established, and the Perseids are generally considered the best.

And if you really want to impress your friends geeks, while everyone any trouble, ask them why meteors burn up in Earth's atmosphere. Chances are they will say friction. It is a popular misconception.

friction occurs when the objects slide against each other. This is not the case of a meteor. When you reach the upper atmosphere moves faster than 160,000 miles per hour (100.000 mph). This compresses the air in front of him. When compressed gas is naturally heated. In this case, the temperature reaches several thousand degrees, which burns the meteor. No sliding motion, there is no friction.

As you watch this weekend, spare a thought for the wonder of it all. Each of these meteors was born as the Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years. This means that everyone has a story to tell.

By capturing the meteors before his death, as did the Stardust mission, we can begin to read the story of the birth of the solar system.
How to share photos

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