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The Tunguska event: a Siberian meteor mystery from 1908

A heavenly visitor

exploded above Siberia - leading to more than a century of scientific debate and speculation

Next week will see a small asteroid will pass close to TV satellites of the Earth, but NASA has assured the world that there is no danger of impact. The heavenly visitor DA14 was appointed and it is expected to travel at a speed of about 8 miles (13 km) per second.

something moving at the speed that collided with the Earth before - in June 1908, when an asteroid or comet exploded above Siberia. He became known as the Tunguska event.

People

knew that something important had happened - but as the previous report demonstrates, the region itself was inaccessible until the 1920s. The expedition of 1921 exposed the devastation caused by the impact, with 80 million trees thrown more than 830 square miles (2,150 square kilometers).

• Today, thanks to NASA satellites, we are able to track and announce what will happen in the sky, but in the first part of the 20th century, explanations were not as easy to get - and the fear of the unknown convinced some people (probably rightly) an Apocalypse.
The effect of the collision was also felt in Britain, a reader wrote to The Times asked why the sky was so bright at night. She has not received a response in 1908, but a keeper 1991 Notes and queries put forward the hypothesis that the amount of dust raised by the explosion of the diffraction of sunlight, which leads to "a person [play] a golf course in St Andrews at 2.30am. "

event Tungaska fascination has been fueled not only by the magnitude of the event, but the mystery that surrounds it. Scientists have divided for more than a century that caused the impact, arguing comets, asteroids and meteorites.

Even

has infiltrated popular culture - in 2008, Nintendo brought a Wii game based on the Tunguska event in 1996 and received one of the awards events truly mysterious - inspired by a episode of X-files.


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JAPAN - CHINA - Disputed Senkaku / Diaoyu islands to be defended “at any cost” says Japanese

Payment by results – a 'dangerous idiocy' that makes staff tell lies

results based makes good people do bad things - and the poor receive much poorer service

payment by results is a simple idea: people and organizations should pay for what they offer. Who could it mean? If your job is to get people back to work, and then find a damn job.

Many people who work in local government and public services are beginning to realize it's stupid and absurd that pernicious pest. The evidence is very clear: if you pay (or fail performance) based on a set of predefined results, make poor services to people in need. These are the most vulnerable, the marginalized, the poorest who suffer most are paid to the result.

Here's why: payment by results not reward organizations that help people get what they need, but which recognizes organizations to produce data on the objectives, but the rewards for organizations fictions of his staff are able to invent what they have accomplished, but that pays people for porkies

know that common things occur when people use payment by results and other results-based management systems performance. There have been many studies showing that such systems distort the priorities of the organization and make organizations focus on doing bad things - and people who lie

This lie has all sorts of ways. Some are subtle forms of deception: the teachers who teach to the test or only among students for exams they know what will happen, employment support to help those who can not find a job and ignore the poor or hospitals that reclassify cars as beds, and keep people in ambulances waiting at the door of the hospital until they know that you can see inside a target time . In the literature, this is called the gameplay.

part of the lie is less subtle. People are only results. Last year scandal delivery of employment programs A4e is another in the long line of random measurement results.

Gwyn Bevan and Christopher Hood, teachers in the management of the London School of Economics and Oxford University, respectively, have analyzed the impact of performance targets within the NHS. They concluded that "the goal of performance-based management always creates" game ". Other times, not. Not often. Forever.

Unfortunately, the distortion of the practice of performance pay does not stop with the directors. The data show that also undermines the practice of frontline workers. It turns out that the relationship between the worker and the customer support back. When pay for performance practices are put in place, workers have often asked customers "How can I help you get what you need?" instead of thinking, "How can I help produce the data I need?"

This is demonstrated in the study Cottom Hilaire that social workers spend their time doing:

spending time with social workers, such as Ryan, who works with his son Tom, we saw that 86% of the time is a duct system - filling out forms for accountability and discuss with colleagues. More surprisingly, even 14% of time spent face to face with a family member is not development. Dialogue between Ryan and Tom is dictated by the shapes and their need for data and information. This prevents any possibility of this kind of conversation you may have to develop a supportive relationship as a first step to promote change.

• There is a growing momentum behind the understanding that the results-based management performance in general - and payment by results, in particular - is a dangerous nonsense. It makes good people do bad things, and then forces them to lie about it.

I will take part in a public conversation with others who have questions about performance pay, and the search for alternatives to performance management based on the results in a conference in Manchester on Wednesday, March 6. If you were forced to play with the system or dry tell porkies to achieve the performance objectives stupid, I love to hear your stories. If you get it from your chest will help change the system. Let's make this change, it is important

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